\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx,bm}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,scale=2.0]
  % \useasboundingbox(-1.9,3)rectangle(1.9,-3);
  \foreach \w in {75,45,...,-75}
  {
    \fill[top color=darkgray,bottom color=darkgray,middle color=white]({-2.5-0.15*cos(\w)},{0.3*sin(\w)+0.02})--++(-0.5,0)arc(90:270:0.02)--++(0.5,0);
  }
  \fill[top color=darkgray,bottom color=darkgray,middle color=white](-2.3,0.4)arc(90:270:0.2 and 0.4)--++(-0.4,0)arc(270:90:0.2 and 0.4);
  \fill[darkgray](-0.06,-0.12)rectangle(0.14,0.18);
  \fill[top color=gray,bottom color=gray,middle color=black](-1,0.15)arc(90:-90: 0.05 and 0.15)--++(-0.3,0)--++(0,0.3);
  \fill[top color=gray,bottom color=gray,middle color=black](-1.5,0.1)arc(90:-90: 0.03 and 0.1)--++(-0.2,0)--++(0,0.2);
  \fill[top color=gray,bottom color=gray,middle color=black](-2,0.12)arc(90:-90: 0.04 and 0.12)--++(-0.3,0)arc(-90:90: 0.04 and 0.12)(0,0.24);
  \fill[top color=gray,bottom color=gray,middle color=black](-2.2,0.09)arc(90:-90: 0.03 and 0.09)--++(-0.3,0)--++(0,0.18);
  \draw[brown,decorate,decoration={coil,segment length=0.5mm,amplitude=0.5mm}](-2.5,0)--(-2.25,0);
  \draw[red!70!black](-2.2,0)--(-2.0,0.05)--(-1.5,-0.05)--(2,0);
  \draw[red!70!black](-2.2,0)--(-2.0,-0.05)--(-1.5,0.05)--(2,0)--(2.98,0);
  \fill[lightgray](-0.14,-0.18)rectangle(0.06,0.12)(-0.64,0.12)--++(0.2,0)--++(0.08,0.06)--++(-0.2,0)(-0.64,-0.18)--++(0.2,0)--++(0.08,0.06)--++(-0.2,0);
  \fill[top color=lightgray,bottom color=lightgray,middle color=white](-1,0.15)arc(90:270: 0.05 and 0.15)--++(-0.3,0)arc(270:90:0.05 and 0.15);
  \fill[top color=lightgray,bottom color=lightgray,middle color=white](-1.5,0.1)arc(90:270: 0.03 and 0.1)--++(-0.2,0)arc(270:90:0.03 and 0.1);
  \fill[top color=lightgray,bottom color=lightgray,middle color=white](-2,0.12)arc(90:270: 0.04 and 0.12)--++(-0.1,0)arc(270:90:0.04 and 0.12);
  \fill[top color=lightgray,bottom color=lightgray,middle color=white](-2.2,0.09)arc(90:270: 0.03 and 0.09)--++(-0.05,0)arc(270:90:0.03 and 0.09);
  \draw[ultra thick](2.79,0.75)to[bend left=25](2.79,-0.75);
  \draw[cyan!30!darkgray,fill=cyan!30,fill opacity=0.4,rounded corners](-2.3,0.4)--(-0.5,0.4)--(2,0.8)--(2.8,0.8)to[bend left=25](2.8,-0.8)--(2.0,-0.8)--(-0.5,-0.4)[sharp corners]--(-2.3,-0.4)arc(270:90:0.2 and 0.4);
  \draw[thin](-0.46,0.18)--++(45:0.6)node[above]{$Y$};
  \draw[thin](-0.54,-0.18)--++(-135:0.6)node[below]{$Y'$};
  \draw[thin](0.04,0.18)--++(45:0.6)node[above]{$X$};
  \draw[thin](-0.04,-0.18)--++(-135:0.6)node[below]{$X'$};
  \draw[thin](-1.15,0.15)--(-1.4,0.6)node [above]{阳极}--(-1.6,0.1);
  \draw[thin](-2.05,-0.12)--++(-30:0.6)node[below]{控制级};
  \draw[thin](-2.225,-0.09)--++(-60:0.6)node[below]{阴级};
  \draw[thin](-2.4,0)--++(-120:0.6)node[below]{灯丝};
  \draw[thin](2.2,0)--++(120:0.6)node[above]{电子束};
  \draw[thin](2.92,-0.4)--++(-120:0.6)node[left]{荧光屏};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}